The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay Essay Example

The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay Paper In general, negotiation mean dickering procedure between two or more parties seeking to detect a common land and make an understanding to settle a affair of common concern or decide a struggle ( Business Dictionary.com ) . Harmonizing to Fisher A ; Ury in their book Geting to YES: Negotiating Agreement without Giving In, negotiating is a basic ways in acquiring what you want from other peoples ( 1981 ) . While in Oxford Dictionary, dialogue average treatment aimed at making an understanding. In Women Are Geting Even ( WAGE ) web site, they interpret dialogue as conversation between two parties in order to do an exchange. Harmonizing to Rusk ( 2006 ) , the significance of dialogue is treatment intended to bring forth an understanding . It besides can be mentioning as common solutions that used to do a determinations and settle down the jobs ( Moore, 2012 ) , a procedure which is two or more parties attempt to hold on the rate of goods and services that they exchange ( Robbins A ; Judge, 2003 ) . Conflict and dialogue are a fact of mundane work-life, yet it frequently produces anxiousness ( Cutts, 2012 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The UK Border Agency has announced that there are still proficient jobs with on-line booking service ( Kelly, 2012 ) . This statement shows that sometimes online engagement faced a job such as lost record ( Kirschbaum, 2009 ) , security issues ( Fane, 2010 ) and proficient issues ( Scoot, 2012 ) . There are jobs that faced by client when they used online engagement system. Despite the fact that all the respondents ( except for one ) usage computing machines about every twenty-four hours, 14 % believe that booking online is non procuring in general ( Bogdanovych et al, 2006 ) . Conflict happen because of these jobs. Conflict happen when people did non hold with the issue, it will make a clash or tenseness between that person or groups ( Nahavandi, 1999 ) . Negotion is a procedure that analyzing the facts of state of affairs, exposing the involvement of both parties involver and bargaining to work out the struggle every bit many as possible ( Moore, 2012 ) . Negotiation permeates the i nteraction of about everybody in the organisation ( Robbins A ; Judge, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Lucas ( 2008 ) , struggle might happen because of differing perceptual experience, inadequate or hapless communicating and besides contrary outlooks. These jobs frequently happen when covering with client particularly in travel bureau. In touristry industry dialogue is an of import procedure to derive a common understanding of something, particularly to go bureaus. It is important for them to corroborate what their client wants and demand. Through dialogue struggle between travel bureau and client can be reduced. Negociating through countries of struggle can frequently take to win-win state of affairss agreeable to parties, cut downing sick felling and struggle ( Queensland Government, 2011 ) . Travel agents have the dialogue power because they have maximal pick to offer to their clients ( Travel Cafe Inc 2011 ) . This means they have assortment of picks that they can acquire from their t ravel providers and they can give us the best trade with best value of possible. Online booking deficiency of firsthand cognition and seldom gives client chance to talk with person knowing about service that they are booking ( Morelock, 2012 ) . The clients and travel agents can help us to acquire what we want in our holiday. Online booking allow client to do all travel programs on the cyberspace means they can make it any clip of the twenty-four hours or dark at place or while they re on their tiffin interruption at the office ( Oakley, 2012 ) . It is true when we are making booking online we can do a engagement everyplace and anytime but we can non negociate the monetary value of the touristry merchandise that we wish to book. If we are negociating with travel agents, we have the opportunity to acquire lower monetary values as possible. Price dialogue normally occurs during buying of stuffs or supplies ( Francois, 2012 ) . For illustration, if a travel bundle to Cameron Highlands costs about RM300 for two darks, the clients can negociate the monetary value lower and can acquire around RM250. With dialogues, both parties will have their ain benefits and it is a win-win state of affairs ( Rusk, 2006 ) . When client asks an agent to negociate, means client are basically inquiring the agent to subsidise the ir holiday ( Brock, 2009 ) but through on-line system, client had no alteration to negociate with an agent because the monetary value is fixed. The Marriott International, Hilton Hotels, Sheraton Hotels A ; Resorts and others was charged in San Francisco Federal Court on charges conspired to utilize their market laterality to repair the hotel monetary values with travel web sites like Travelocity, Booking.com and Expedia, a subordinate of Priceline.com From this instance we can see that client can non negociate the monetary value because the monetary value is fixed. The purpose of the dialogues is to make up ones mind the monetary value that is acceptable for both parties ( Francois, 2012 ) From monetary value dialogue procedure it becomes dickering procedure. Negotiations normally follow a procedure of positional bargaining ( Cutts, 2012 ) . Oxford Online Dictionary give two reading of bargaining, the first is an understanding between two or more people or groups as to what each will make for the other. The 2nd is a thing bought or offered for sale much more stingily than usual or expected. There are two types of dialogue which are distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining ( Robbins A ; Judge, 2003 ) . Distributive bargaining besides called claiming value, zero-sum or win-lose bargaining is a competitory scheme that is used to make up ones mind how to administer a fixed resource such as money ( Spangler, 2003 ) . Honeyman ( 2012 ) , interpret intergrative bargaining as one of platform which party attempt to understand involvements of another party, on the outlook that it will assisting the opposition to make solution as antiphonal its ain concerns. Harmoniz ing to Tewart ( 2012 ) , many times people say they do nt wish to negociate ( dickering ) yet, they still shop about and neer pay full monetary value. The word bargaining here does non merely average monetary value dialogue, it is a much differentiated and broader term ( Management Study Guide, 2012 ) . Customer besides can dicker to construct his or her ain trip with or without aid from a client attention executive ( Agarwal, 2012 ) , inquiring whether travel bureau offer travel insurance ( trip Travel Responsibility Informed A ; Protected, 2012 ) and a client can seek damages under certain fortunes normally referred as the right to mend, replacing or refund ( Government of South Australia, 2011 ) . These are things that client can dicker with travel bureaus. The freedom of client is restricted when they make booking through online. Customer can non corroborate their specific demand when make the online engagement through the hotel reserve system ( Vyas, 2010 ) . For illustration, when they make booking through hotel reserve system, if they have something that they do nt understand, no topographic point for them to raise the inquiries. Harmonizing to Lloyd, booking online does nt hold single to cover with booking procedure, it leaf to client to read and understand the complicated footings and conditions. One of the advantages of booking direct with the hotel, by phone or electronic mail, is that client can bespeak a specific room of the hotel and they can non usually do that online or with an agent ( Trend, 2010 ) Harmonizing to Tewart ( 2012 ) , most people act in their best involvement and most people who say they do nt wish negociating, really still desire to. This statement show that clients still love to negociate and online engagement system prevent them from making it. Negotiation is needed in order to procure the resources required for successful undertaking completion ( Evans A ; Lindsay, 2008 ) . Through negociating win-win solutions with clients it will non merely give your company the best opportunity to win but will besides make relation between client and your company for future gross revenues chances ( Douglas, 2003 ) . Negotiation besides can increase lucidity about the job, can take to advanced discoveries and new attacks, engagement in struggle can sharpen attacks to bargaining, act uponing, viing and besides can concentrate more attending on basic issues and lead to solution ( Wertheim,1996 ) Vyas, J. ( 2010, August 10 ) .A Disadvantages of booking online on travel portals. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? Disadvantages-of-Booking-Online-on-Travel-Portals A ; id=4832401 [ Web log message ] . ( 2012 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wageproject.org/files/neg.php Queensland Government, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. ( 2011 ) .Negotiation accomplishments. Retrieved from web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skills.business.qld.gov.au/running/1172.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessdictionary.com/definition/negotiation.html Oakley, R. ( n.d. ) .A The advantages of on-line reserves. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //traveltips.usatoday.com/advantages-online-reservations-63078.html Lucas, R. W. ( n.d. ) .A Reacting to conflict with clients. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Responding_to_Conflict_with_Customers.html Lloyd, M. G. ( n.d. ) .A Advantages and disadvantages of an online engagement system read more: Advantages and disadvantages of an online engagement system | ehow.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/info_8780323_advantages-disadvantages-online-booking-system.html Johanson, M. ( 2012, August 21 ) .A Travel web sites, hotels accused of price-fixing. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ibtimes.com/travel-websites-hotels-accused-price-fixing-751937 Brock, C. ( 2009, July 13 ) .A Negociating rates and menus with travel agents. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? Negotiating-Rates-and-Fares-With-Travel-Agents A ; id=2603163 Tewart, M. ( n.d. ) .A Peoples still love to negociate. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.expressyourselftosuccess.com/people-still-love-to-negotiate/ Trend, N. ( 2010, February 11 ) .http: //www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/columnists/nicktrend/7213438/hotel-booking-should-you-use-an-online-agent-or-go- Dickering power of clients. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.managementstudyguide.com/bargaining-power-of-customers.htm Top inquiries to inquire your travel agent. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //trip.ustia.org/safety/articles/1233/top-questions-to-ask-your-travel-agent/ Government of South Australia, Business, Industry and Trade Department. ( 2011 ) .A Refunds to clients. Retrieved from web site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sa.gov.au/subject/Business, industry and trade/Starting and pull offing a business/Running a business/Selling to customers/Sales patterns in your business/Refunds to clients Cutts, R. N. ( n.d. ) . Using principled dialogue to decide workplace issues.A Conflict Management, 3. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //nl.walterkaitz.org/RNicoleCutts_PrincipledNegotiation.pdf Spangler, B. ( 2003, June ) .A Distributive bargaining. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.beyondintractability.org/bi-essay/distributive-bargaining Spangler, B. ( 2003, June ) .A Integrative or interest-based bargaining. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.beyondintractability.org/bi-essay/interest-based-bargaining AGARWAL, S. ( 2012, October 08 ) . Want to do your ain travel path? here are few portals that will assist you.A The Economic Times. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-08/news/34322860_1_travel-agents-travel-itinerary-travel-hotspot Francois, C. ( 2012 ) .A What is monetary value dialogue? . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wisegeek.com/what-is-price-negotiation.htm A Nahavandi, A. A ; Malekzadeh, A.R. ( 1999 ) .A Organizational Behavior: The Person-Organization Fit ( ch. 13 ) .A Upper Sandle Ridge, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Attracting Students to NOVA Southeastern University - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Attracting Students to NOVA Southeastern University - Smart Custom Writing Human Resource Management 2The successful activity of any organization directly depends on the ability to control and manage the talents of the staff that can be helpful some innovative ideas, perspectives and consideration for the improvement of the working process. The problems and challenges that can appear in the working environment may be turned into strategic assets of the organization and used for he company’s prosperity.   Due to different talents and different cultural backgrounds, diverse genders, ages and completely different lifestyles, the company can have more business opportunities, work more quickly and creatively and achieve the desirable goals as quickly as possible. If the environment of the organization does not maintain diversity broadly, there is a high risk to lose talent to competitors. Mathis and Jackson (2010, p.34) assert that many companies are afraid of this very situation. Human resources department is one of the main departments in any structure or organization. The HR is responsible for such tasks as hiring (recruitment), compensation, evaluation and management, promotions, managing relations, planning and payroll. The objective of human resources department is to maximize the coming investment from the organization's human capital and, on the same time, reduce the financial risk to the minimal limits. According to the vital role that human resources department play, there are some challenges such as managing knowledge workers, managing technological challenges, competence of HR managers, competence of HR managers and managing change. Obviously, it is not a complete list or duties and responsibilities of the human research department and managers. One of the main aims of HR department is to organize the work of the staff properly and guarantee excellent and due performance of the work. In this case, one of the most widely spread management tools is the performance appraisal. The question of the using of this management technique is rather controversial as it has both, positive and negative effects on the personnel. The appraisal of genuine performance is a process that is able to alleviate a lot of dysfunctions of conventional systems of the performance appraisal as well as produce a more humane and moral human resource management process of making decisions. Performance of the appraisal critics demonstrates a great number of convincing arguments against its use. Armstrong and Mitchell (2008, p.56) state that there are many cases when this system resulted in different problems.   The major critiques are that person performance appraisal supposes a false level of measurement correctness, produces conflict and competition of   dysfunctional employee, allocates an excessive amount of liability for bad performance to employees while undervaluing the general working process, underemphasizes the significance of work group. One more problem that may arise from the usage of critics of performance appraisal is a conflict between appraised and appraiser. In this case, everything depends upon the personality of both. Obviously, the appraiser should keep in mind some personal features of the employee and take into account the probable behavior of the person. In this case the psychological skills of the manager play very important role, as apprais al should be presented in a correct manner whatever it may be, positive or negative.   Very often, the incorrect manner of presenting the appraisal can lead to the dysfunction of the employee performance and worse results of work. The appraisal should be presented in such a manner to evoke the employee desire to improve the way of work. The staff should feel its necessity whatever appraisal might be in order not to lose the desire to work more efficiently. Very often, many managers carry out the performance appraisals rather poorly. As a result, they face up not only the unpleasant meetings, but also those where the manager and the representatives of the staff never quite comprehend each other, never quite value the other's viewpoint, and never quite settle the suitable goals that are necessary to achieve within the year. Unfortunately, it is practically inevitable the member of the staff will be less happy and less productive after conversation. It proves once again that the crit ical appraisal of the work should be done properly and very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding and decrease of the productiveness. While making the appraisal of the work of the staff, managers make one common mistake that can lead to frustration, misunderstanding and biased attitude in the team. While making the appraisal it is important to remember that it should be performed along with the employee, as only free eye-to-eye conversation can lead to the positive results. Otherwise, the employee can have the biased attitude form his or her colleagues and lose the desire to work productively. This is a kind of result that should be avoided in any case. In the book by Pynes (2009, p.67) there is a statement that critical appraisal of the performance has its positive effects and intentions. For instance, it can help in developing leadership skills by means of encouraging staff to work more effectively. Developing leadership is also very important, although it seems it is given less attention and development as it should be at all levels of the organization. Despite the fact that leadership is discussed on origin of personality and certain behaviors at an organizational level, which is more based on knowledge, the challenge is to improve employees who have performance based on their past records and knowledge into business leaders by imparting them with the necessary â€Å"software skills†. In any case, any kind of appraisal, positive or negative, can have good and bad results. Everything depends upon the manner of presenting it to the employee. Therefore, critical appraisal is not so scare and bad as it may seem although it ma y lead to positive changes within the tem and improve the performance of work. Reference List Armstrong, S. and Mitchell, B. (2008) The Essential HR Handbook: A Quick and Handy Resource for Any Manager or HR Professional , Sydney: Career Press.Mathis, R.L and Jackson J. (2010) Human Resource Management, Boston: South-Western College PubPynes, J. (2009) Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Strategic Approach (Essential Texts for Nonprofit and Public Leadership and Management, New York: Jossey-Bass

Big Data for Fraud Detection in Banking Sector - Free Samples

The detection of fraud in banking sector is an important part to eliminate risks of any cyber-attack or data breach. Banks are often vulnerable to fraud and this affects banks and customers (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). Most of the frauds in banking sector occur due to either human negligence or any malpractice or system defect. Frauds in banking sector impact customers and bank itself in a very negative way because both banks and customers can lose sensitive data and money. Nowadays, big data analytics has emerged as a game changer in every sector and it provides a more reliable and flexible usage in working of every sector (Fuschi and Tvaronavi?ien? 2014). Banking sector has now started to adopt big data analytics for its operations due to its usefulness, reliability and speed. The purpose of this report is to analyze big data use in banking sector and how big data analytics help banking sector to detect fraud. The outline of the report is data collection and storage system, consumer-centric product design, r mendation system and business continuity plan in case of power outage. The data in banking sector collected are credit card usage details, personal emails sending and receiving or account details or any other regular actions on a daily basis. The data collected are not only from internal source of banking sector but also from external sources which sometimes requires permission from third party. These sources are internet based navigation sites such as social media, Yahoo, Google or Bing. Google and Yahoo provide Gmail and Yahoo mail respectively (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). The data are categorized into two types and they are primary data and secondary data. Primary data are information about employees, their head supervisors, managers, senior managers and customers, which are collected for proper functioning of banking sector. Secondary data are information of internal and external behavior and working of banking sector which are collected for different purposes and used for betterment of banking sector (Kim, Trimi and Chung 2014). Both types of data are in the form of structured, semi-structured or unstructured data. Therefore, they are arranged in orderly manner to access and operate easily on each form of data. The data in banking sector are unstructured data mainly and they are plicated to use in its initial form. Big data deals with this type of data and in banking sector, unstructured data are either machine or human generated. Machine generated unstructured data are scientific data or photographs and videos such as security or surveillance photos or images. Human generated unstructured data are internal texts within document files, logs, credit card or debit card details and emails, and website content (Raju, Bai and Chaitanya 2014). The data collection is through various sources are then mined that is data mining is done on the collected data. Data mining is exploring and analyzing of collected data to find data suitable for different purposes in banking sector. Data mining technique is used for five major categories of banking sector. They are customer retention, automatic credit card approval, fraud detection in banking sector, marketing and risk management. Data after data mining is used mainly for risk management and fraud detection in banking sector (Pouramirarsalani, Khalilian and Nikravanshalman 2017). This is explained as when data is stored in storage then big data has features of protecting thes e data from going into hands of fraudsters. Banks have massive amounts of data which needs to be stored in an efficient way. The new storage systems in banking sector for big data provides solutions and they are reconstructing the backup systems with improved performance that will not change the existing backup routine. The second solution is building a Disaster Recovery (DR) system that will help in an emergency case such as disaster or power outage. The third solution is managing data lifecycle for improvement of data utilization efficiency (Chitra and Subashini 2013). The explanation for first solution is to upgrade physical tapes from existing Disk-to-Tape (D2T) mode to the new Disk-to-Disk-to-Tape (D2D2T). The new tape provides more reliability and space to store data of size more 9TB and has high backup speed. The description of second solution is new Disaster Recovery system which is built after upgrading local backup system using tape. The Disaster Recovery system is used for storing data at different location in banking sector. The full back up in first solution using tapes is further stored in storage system that is Disaster Recovery system (Jones, Aggarwal and Edwards 2015). The storage is done by identifying unique blocks of huge data and store in Disaster Recovery system. The next backup is done to match the unique block with the blocks stored in the system to destroy duplicate data and then save all unique data. The leftover data is again checked so that no data is left vulnerable to any fraud. The left over data is also checked to analyze if any data can be effective for future purpose. The third solution is that the data is processed and stored on peripheral system and near-line data (twenty to thirty days old) is backed up regularly and stored on disks (Rao and Ali 2015). These data is tested for integration and effectiveness and to recover if any fault occurs. The long- term data (ninety days old or older ) is backed up regularly and stored on physical tapes. Both the data is then stored at different locations in Disaster Recovery system. This new storage system solution helps in better backup performance, recovery process is quick, and data storage is multi-level. The long-term relationships with customers will require fulfilling demands and needs of customers. This is achieved through customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Customer relationship management is used by organizations to optimize contact with customers and build long-term relationships (Elgendy and Elragal, 2014). The various ways are telephone calls or emails to attract and retain customers. Customer relationship management system is based on infrastructure of customer data and information technology. Electronic customer relationship management systems provides all ways of munication with the customers. The ways are sales, delivery, email, online marketing and purchasing, online banking or many other online services. Customer relationship management system in banking sector is achieved by maintaining relationships with existing customers and creating relationships with new customers (Dalir et al. 2017). The benefits are providing better service to existing and new custom ers and identification of specific values related to each sector of the business environment and existing or new customers. The other are dividing different market segments to improve long-term relationships with target customers and service fees which is charged increases revenue for banking sectors. The additional benefits are implementation of this system helps in increasing customer satisfaction and their loyalty and interest rates are increased to attract more customers (Baesens, Van Vlasselaer and Verbeke 2015). The seventh one is online advertising to attract customers and increased effectiveness and classification of customers. Electronic customer relationship management system in banking sector has a structure which is based on two factors and they are trust and satisfaction. They are mitment, loyalty, customer retention, and r mendation willingness. The other factors which construct the system through customer’s point of view are information, convenience and munication channel (Srivastava and Gopalkrishnan 2015). Trust is important for customers and bank relationship and the trust is referred to protection of every individual’s bank account details and credit card or debit card details. Customer satisfaction is a quality in bank and customer relationship that will help them to trust on banks. Customer satisfaction in bank is very important to retain existing customers. mitment is to partner close relationship with customers for valuable effort. Loyalty provides future benefits to banking sector even when there is a strong petition (Moro, Cortez and Rita 2015). Loyalty is a mitment to banks f rom customers to deal with them. Loyal customers will also r mend particular banks to their relatives or customers. Customer retention is important as exiting customers are more profitable than new customers. Therefore, fulfilling needs of existing customers is more important. The above factors help customers to willingly r mend services of bank to others as they are satisfied with services of bank. Information is correct, accurate or updated are not is necessary for the structure of the system. Convenience is important as customers will e after considering location of bank (Greenberg 2014). Geographic location of bank with working hours and others are included in the system. munication channel like mobile, ATM, text, e-mail are used by customers to know bank services. R mendation system is used as a tool in banking sector to help customer by giving service when bank employees are not available on a particular time. R mendation system provides precise and timely information to customers. The system is virtual consultant to customers providing better information and services (Ravi and Kamaruddin 2017). The r mendation system can be explained by the following process. The system analysis provides specifications that are authenticated with username and password for logging into system and questionnaire type survey for the user regarding product interest. The next two specifications are giving advice to user after the pletion of interview and when there is query regarding search engine, explanation term should be there in the search engine (Lin et al. 2015). The last two specifications are to provide answers by the expert to questions by the customer and also update the knowledge base in system (Davenport and Dychà © 2013). The system design contains human expert, knowledge acquisition facility, knowledge base, inference engine, working memory, user interface and the user. This is the system bank follows in r mendation system. R mendation system is tested using black-box and white-box testing to know that the system is properly functioning and also integrated (He, Tian and Shen 2015). The testing is also done to ensure satisfactory working of every feature. The testing is done on the database so that the data can be accessed with respective attributes and required data can be fetched. The application is important in r mendation system because it provides a platform for direct munication of user and banking sector (Ng and Kwok, 2017). This is a place where user can register and then they can login with username and password. This is a place where user can get details about banking process in about us section and also contact details of bank in contact us section. The system design is implemented in application and the working of system structure is defined in application. These are the features and functions of r mendation system and this helps in clearing customer’s doubts and queries. The customers can also give feedback in r mendation system (Flood, Jagadish and Raschid 2016). The r mendation system in banking sector are developed using information system and are also called expert system in other sectors. Survival of online business in case of power outage or any other disasters is a major discussion for any banking sector. The business continuity plan has four steps in banking sector and they are business impact analysis, risk assessment, risk management and monitoring and testing. The first step is business impact analysis that helps to identifies critical business functions and impact of loss of functions for example operational and financial on banking sector. This process is analyzed by senior management representatives and board of directors. The business impact analysis is required at times when there is disruption in power outage and any disaster (Harvard Business Review, 2017). The second step is risk assessment which helps to determine cause of power outage or other disasters. Senior management analyzes the risk through risk assessment processes and then develop program to tackle the risks. The third step is risk management which is important to develop and maintain business continuity plan in baking sector. Risk Management in banking sector is based on first two steps that is business impact analysis and risk assessment (West and Bhattacharya 2016). These realistic events can be formally declared and updated by senior management annually to employees in banking sector. The fourth step is monitoring and testing which is a confirmation to business continuity plan in banking sector that all the steps are revised and evaluated without overlooking any significant changes. This step is finally evaluated by senior bank management (Forbes 2017). This is when they can mit necessary workforce, budget and time to test the program for validation of business continuity plan in an event of any disruption in banking sector. The above discussions conclude that fraud detection in banking is a very important process and big data analytics is used in banking sector for fraud detection techniques. The discussions shows that the data collection system in banking sector is plicated as there are huge data sets in banking sector. The data collected need to be stored in places where there is security and proper storage place to be chosen. The actions to be taken on collected data that is services to customers and system to r mend customers are also discussed. The business continuity plans on the basis of possible disruptions were the key points of this report. The report overall concludes that implementation of big data and big data analytics is necessary for banking sector. Big data and big data analytics are used to collect data and store and finally use for various purposes in banking sector. Banking sectors regularly produce huge data that are sensitive and can be controlled through big data and big data anal ytics. Therefore, it can be concluded that big data and big data analytics can help banking sector to detect fraud and prevent the risks of fraud using various processes. Baesens, B., Van Vlasselaer, V. and Verbeke, W., 2015.  Fraud analytics using descriptive, predictive, and social network techniques: a guide to data science for fraud detection. John Wiley & Sons. Chitra, K. and Subashini, B., 2013. Data mining techniques and its applications in banking sector.  International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,  3(8), pp.219-226. Dalir, M., Zarch, M.E., Aghajanzadeh, R. and Eshghi, S., 2017. The Role of e-CRM in the Quality of Customer-Bank Relationship.  Human Resource Management,  4(2), pp.12-22. Davenport, T.H. and Dychà ©, J., 2013. Big data in big panies.  International Institute for Analytics,  3. Elgendy, N. and Elragal, A., 2014, July. Big data analytics: a literature review paper. In  Industrial Conference on Data Mining  (pp. 214-227). Springer, Cham. Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. Big data challenges and opportunities in financial stability monitoring.  Banque de France, Financial Stability Review,  20. Flood, M.D., Jagadish, H.V. and Raschid, L., 2016. Big data challenges and opportunities in financial stability monitoring.  Banque de France, Financial Stability Review,  20. Forbes . (2017).  Forbes We e. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes /sites/tomgroenfeldt/2013/06/11/banks-use-big-data-to-understand-customers-across-channels/#22286a453218 [Accessed 9 Dec. 2017].  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Forbes , 2017) Fuschi, D.L. and Tvaronavi?ien?, M., 2014. Sustainable development, Big Data and supervisory control: service quality in banking sector.  Journal of security and sustainability issues,  3(3), pp.5-14. Greenberg, M.R., 2014.  Protecting seniors against environmental disasters: From hazards and vulnerability to prevention and resilience. Routledge. Harvard Business Review. (2017).  How Banks Are Capitalizing on a New Wave of Big Data and Analytics - SPONSOR CONTENT FROM COGNIZANT. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/sponsored/2016/11/how-banks-are-capitalizing-on-a-new-wave-of-big-data-and-analytics [Accessed 9 Dec. 2017].  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Harvard Business Review, 2017) He, W., Tian, X. and Shen, J., 2015. Examining Security Risks of Mobile Banking Applications through Blog Mining. In  MAICS(pp. 103-108). Jones, S., Aggarwal, A. and Edwards, H., 2015. Creating Futures Through Research–Meeting Challenges, Embracing Opportunities & Delivering Impact. Inaugural Collaborative Research Conference, INtel Institute of Higher Education, Nairobi. Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. Big-data applications in the government sector. munications of the ACM,  57(3), pp.78-85. Lin, C.C., Chiu, A.A., Huang, S.Y. and Yen, D.C., 2015. Detecting the financial statement fraud: The analysis of the differences between data mining techniques and experts’ judgments.  Knowledge-Based Systems,  89, pp.459-470. Moro, S., Cortez, P. and Rita, P., 2015. Business intelligence in banking: A literature analysis from 2002 to 2013 using text mining and latent Dirichlet allocation.  Expert Systems with Applications,  42(3), pp.1314-1324. Ng, A.W. and Kwok, B.K., 2017. Emergence of Fintech and cybersecurity in a global financial centre: Strategic approach by a regulator.  Journal of Financial Regulation and pliance,  25(4), pp.422-434. Pouramirarsalani, A., Khalilian, M. and Nikravanshalmani, A., 2017. Fraud detection in E-banking by using the hybrid feature selection and evolutionary algorithms.  IJCSNS,  17(8), p.271. Raju, P.S., Bai, D.V.R. and Chaitanya, G.K., 2014. Data mining: Techniques for enhancing customer relationship management in banking and retail industries.  International Journal of Innovative Research in puter and munication Engineering,  2(1), pp.2650-2657. Rao, K.V. and Ali, M.A., 2015. Survey on Big Data and applications of real time Big Data analytics. Ravi, V. and Kamaruddin, S., 2017, December. Big Data Analytics Enabled Smart Financial Services: Opportunities and Challenges. In  International Conference on Big Data Analytics  (pp. 15-39). Springer, Cham. Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. Impact of big data analytics on banking sector: Learning for Indian banks.  Procedia puter Science,  50, pp.643-652. Srivastava, U. and Gopalkrishnan, S., 2015. Impact of big data analytics on banking sector: Learning for Indian banks.  Procedia puter Science,  50, pp.643-652. West, J. and Bhattacharya, M., 2016. Intelligent financial fraud detection: a prehensive review. puters & Security,  57, pp.47-66.

Environmental Consultancies And Its Attorneys Firms Essay

Environmental Consultancies And Its Attorneys Firms - Essay Example The Environmental Consultancies and its attorneys firm were formed in 1985 by Ali Al Sulaimani to achieve one goal, for people to live in a healthier, safer, and green environment. Ali Al-Sulaiman was born in 1962 to humble parents. His parents were farmers who lived peacefully in the rural areas of the county. A petrochemical company was built in the area where he lived and hence caused much toxic waste and pollution to the environment. The cause of not handling the toxic waste in a suitable manner, Ali's parents passed away with serious cancer. This incident affected Ali in many ways when he was young. He promised himself to do his level best to ensure that companies such as the one, which was built near their farm never to have a negative effect on the people. The picture below shows Ali Al Sulaimani tossing with President Obama. Environmental Consultancies and its Attorney’s faced many challenges during the past years from lawsuits against companies-due to dumping their to xic wastes materials, including carcinogens to sewage system-to a simple EPA restrictions case. Many industries approach our firm clueless about what EPA means, and how they are supposed to eliminate all their toxic wastes. Having most of our employees graduating from Harvard and Oxford with hazardous and waste management degrees, they are extremely well equipped with solutions and proposals for any industries. As mentioned previously, the roots of the firm were built for people to live in a greener and healthier environment.... For air, a limit is imposed on the exposure of certain air pollutants in all areas. EPA can also ban a certain air pollutant from emission like from chemical plants, mills, and utilities. By limiting the exposure of dangerous air pollutants, EPA helps keep the air clean and livable to all creatures and human beings. EPA takes responsibility for cleaning up land or underground waste that has a threat on the environment. Their well-trained health workers, who carry out frequent inspections and risk assessments, do this. Mostly land is cleaned in industrial areas where as wastes are dumped, and they pose threats to living beings in that vicinity. In order to keep the land free of dangerous chemicals, and provide a healthy diet, pesticides are registered, and tolerance of each pesticide is set for usage. To monitor toxic substances in the environment, EPA conducts tests and gathers relevant data for future analysis other than controlling its exposure. The EPA also regulates waste disposa l and recycling of it. Water is treated for safe and healthy usage and water waste management is also conducted to ensure it remains pollution free. EPA has also set regulations to manage waste or release of hazardous material by accident in emergency conditions. EPA deals with another category termed cross cutting issues. It covers several aspects ranging from environmental justice to climatic change. To make sure the above-mentioned regulations are followed, EPA follows a compliance process. The compliance department assists local bodies by providing tools and training to combat unexpected situations. They also impose penalties to businesses, which fail to comply with the environmental safety regulations. During their audit procedure, they also reduce or eliminate penalties on

Marketing planing gruop project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing planing gruop project - Assignment Example In a typical marketing mix, product offering plays the utmost level of importance and acts as a key aspect to draw customers. The dimension of product includes several constitutes such as branding, packaging, features and quality. At the same time, a few essential credentials such as concept, objective and uniqueness of the product are required. A product can be tangible and intangible. Tangible product has physical evidence, on the contrary, intangible product does not have a physical appearance, and thus, it can be asserted as a service (Lamb et al., 2008). Om Organics is a range of luxurious and chemical free personal care products has been developed for the conscious consumers who are willing to accept diverge to the current beauty industry standards. The product that will be offered to the target customers will include ‘Juicy Creme Lotion’. This product is primarily developed for nourishing and hydrating skin with freshly extracted mixture of fruits and juices.   Customer can find the detail regarding this product online by accessing the web address http://www.omorganicscanada.com/#!product/prd1/2038204345/juicy-creme-lotion. The key objective of the product is to change the traditional trend of beauty products, in order to ensure neither chemical and nor environmental effect. Use of petrochemicals or parabens has been strictly omitted. During the execution of this luxurious and beauty product (Juicy Creme Lotion), several ingredients have been used which include Aqua, Carthamus Tinctorius (Safflower), Camellia Oleifera (Camellia) Seed Oil, Caprylic/Capric  Triglyceride (coconut oil), Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Stearate (and) PEG 100 Stearate, Silk Amino Acids, Cetyl  Alcohol, Glycerin,   Isopropyl Myristate, DL-Panthenol,  Fragrance, Phenoxyethanol (and) Caprylyl Glycol (and)  Sorbic Acid, Allantoin, Psidium Guajava (Guava) Fruit  Extract, Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit

Conservation of biological Diversity Essay Example for Free

Conservation of biological Diversity Essay Conservation of biological diversity is the most important aspect on the globe since all demands of human existence are entirely dependent on it. Domestic, industrial, and leisure considerations of human existence are derived from nature. Recently, the focus on biodiversity conservation has increased owing to the greater levels of understanding on the local and international significance of conservation. Since the first United Nations Convention on Human Environment held in Stockholm 1972, the disparities between conservation and development have come to the lime light with great emphasis (Clifford Clifford, 61-62). However, conservation analysts have continued to differ over the overall effects of the international conservation rules in enhancing harmony that inculcates human being as a subcomponent of the ecosystem in which they exist. Whereas misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the term conservation has recurred for a long time, UNEP points out that it is the overall use of biological resources while enhancing their resilience to enhance inter and intra generational equity. The term conservation has been used interchangeably with preservation a notion which is totally wrong. The later denotes taking care of the biological diversity without exploiting them or their proceeds. Biological diversity (biodiversity) is a term used to indicate variations of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or the whole earth. It also encompasses the variability of living organisms from all sources, that include inter alia, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic and ecological complexes that they are part. This includes diversity within species, between them, and ecosystems (James Kim et al, 193-195). 2. Overview of the paper This paper explores conservation of biological diversity with an aim of establishing the existing conservation strategies present on a global scale and assessing their effectiveness. Tracing the origin of the concerns for conservation, the paper uses statistics to indicate the current situation of biodiversity conservation and threats globally. To add to that, it explores the policy and legislative framework to address the threats on a global scale and their domestication by various states. Using examples, the paper seeks to establish the future of conservation and the factors that will determine effective conservation of the biological diversity. 3. Background and statistics Conservation of biological diversity has existed since historic times where most of the communities lived and co-existed with the natural flora and fauna without posing any threat to it. Notably, after the settling of the Red Indians in Northwest Coast and Southwestern regions of North America, they totally relied on the wild without causing any threat to them. However, the modern conservation ideals are mostly linked to the first United Nations Convention on Human Environment which was held in Stockholm Sweden in 1972 (Clifford Clifford, 102-105). It was this meeting that resolved to form the United Nations Environment Program to act as the main body responsible for environment and conservation globally. Conservation biologists have indicated that the world is threatened with extinction than any other period in history. Global extinction is estimated to be 10, 000 higher than the natural background extinction rate. 32% of all the global surviving amphibians are threatened with extinction. Over the last 50 years, it is estimated that two-thirds of all the mammal genera weighing about 44 Kg (97lb) have become extinct. To add to that, 12% of all birds in the globe and 23% of all mammals are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book. By the year 2000, about 27% of the entire world coral reefs had collapsed and by 2050 extinction rates will range from 15% to 37% for all the planet species (IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, 60-65). Of greater concern is that about 70% of all the studied plants have been designated as threatened or endangered. 4. Threats to conservation of biological diversity a) Industrial and Agricultural activities Since industrial revolution, advancement in technology has heightened the rate of natural resources exploitation from the natural system. This increase in exploitation has directly or indirectly affected the flora, fauna, or their habitat with a great extent. Currently, massive whaling industries in the pacific have resulted to the great decline of the species. After the discovery of â€Å"new lands† (currently North America), the British industrialists embarked on large scale harvesting of the forest products that threatened vast species of flora and fauna in the region. Of greater concern, is the wildlife products sale and use that have endangered biodiversity like the Tragelaphus speke, Myotis leibii, Lamptetra bifrenatus, Ambystoma opacum, Crotalus horridus, and Sterna dougalii among others. In addition species like Gavia, immer, Martes americana, Notropis bifrenatus, and Clemmys guttata have become threatened with time (Mark, 280-300). Agricultural activities on the other hand have encroached into most of the biodiversitys habitats due to the demand from the rising population to be fed. At this point, agriculturalists have shallowly argued that it is more important to feed the people as opposed to conservation. To add to that, modern agricultural activities have resulted to use of inorganic and toxic agro-chemicals that poison the flora and fauna. Pesticides and fertilizer remnants are easily swept to the aquatic ecosystems during the rainy seasons killing or inducing mutations in the biological systems. b) Pollution As indicated earlier, industrial productions most negative effect is probably pollution emitted to the natural systems. Notably, production of goods is operated on a totally capitalistic note where reduction of production costs is strongly emphasized. As a result, pollution control and waste management has taken a back hand in most of these industries and urban establishment. Therefore, they release most of their wastes directly into the ecosystems where massive poisoning of flora and fauna takes place. During the United Nations Convention on Environment and Development in 1992 at Rio-de-Janeiro, agenda 21 indicated the great need to control pollution by the member states. Of greater concerns was the direct emission of heavy metals that undergo bio-magnification and bio-accumulation to the environment. These toxicants have long tern effects and shift upwards to affect all level of food chain in an ecosystem. Glenn et al (540-545), emphasis the earlier connotation of the Silent springs on the trans-boundary nature of pollutants which results to extended impacts on a global scale. Rachael Carson found out that even after chemicals are used, they are transported via environmental dynamics to far places like the Polar Regions where she noted extensive death of penguins. c) Monopolistic application of conservation policies Notably, conservation of biodiversity has become a hard nut to crack due to lack of harmony in the overall design and application of conservation consideration between states. Though diplomacy has recently taken an upper hand in ensuring amicable resolution of conflicts, conservation of biodiversity still lags behind. This has been prompted by the varying priorities by different administrations and countries authorities’ consideration. This has especially been noted with the migratory birds in the world where they shift to various regions during different seasons. According to David (254-257) about 50% of the birds found in the Northern Hemisphere migrate towards the tropics during winter and back in springs. David continues to say that the Bar Tailed Godwit and the Sooty Shearwater have especially been under great threat from massive wetlands destruction. To add to that, Mara and Serengeti ecosystems (seventh wonder of the world) is under threat due to extensive destruction of forests that supply water to the fragile downstream ecosystem. 5. International laws, regulations and policy framework a) UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) As indicated earlier, the United Nations Conference on Human Environment which resulted to formation of UNEP was the main beginning for conservation concerns. The body was established with the overall mandate of coordinating all environmentally related issues globally. It was especially charged with the responsibility of ensuring that conservation of biodiversity was strictly enhanced. As a result, it organized the Convention on Biological Diversity that was held in Rio-De-Janeiro in the year 1992. The latter is considered to be the most comprehensive meeting in the history of conservation as it formed the main guidelines for conservation of biodiversity in the member states which it broke into three main considerations: (1) Conservation of biological diversity by the member states with short and long term considerations (2) Sustainable use of its components (3) Fair and equitable sharing of the proceed resulting from consideration (2) It formed the main platform for the later conservation initiatives like Cartagena protocol and played a key role in establishment of Kyoto protocol. Holistically, the Convention on Biological Diversity is envisaged on precautionary principle which calls for greater concern and study of all impacts that would result to the biodiversity destruction upon establishment of various projects (European Union, 9-12). b) Ramser Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance) This convention was established to assist in conservation of wetlands that have international importance. Notably, most of the wetlands have usefulness that goes beyond their territorial jurisdictions either culturally, economically, scientifically, and have extensive recreational values. The convention came to force in 1975 and by the year 2000, about 1, 630, 000 square kilometers in 1, 021 sites had been designated. Canada has the greatest area of designated wetlands of 130, 000 square kilometers. Notably, this convention has particularly assisted the migratory bird species that occasionally uses these wetlands (William James et al, 495-500).

Galileo :: essays research papers

Galileo Galileo was born in Pisa in 1564, the son of Vincenzo Galilei, well known for his studies of music. He studied at Pisa, where he later held the chair in mathematics from 1589 - 1592. He was then appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610. During these years he carried out studies and experiments in mechanics, and also built a thermoscope. He devised and constructed a geometrical and military compass, and wrote a handbook, which describes how to use this instrument. In 1594 he obtained the patent for a machine to raise water levels. He invented the microscope, and built a telescope with which he made celestial observations, the most spectacular of which was his discovery of the satellites of Jupiter. In 1610 he was nominated the foremost Mathematician of the University of Pisa and given the title of mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He studied Saturn and observed the phases of Venus. In 1611 he went to Rome. He became a mem ber of the Academia dei Lincei and observed the sunspots. In 1612 he began to encounter serious opposition to his theory of the motion of the earth that he taught after Copernicus. In 1614, Father Tommaso Caccini denounced the opinions of Galileo on the motion of the Earth from the pulpit of Santa Maria Novella, judging them to be erroneous. Galileo therefore went to Rome, where he defended himself against charges that had been made against him but in 1616, he was admonished by Cardinal Bellarmino and told that he could not defend Copernican astronomy because it went against the doctrine of the Church. In 1622 he wrote the Saggiatore (The Assayer), which was approved and published in 1623. In 1630 he returned to Rome to obtain the right to publish his Dialogue on the two chief world systems, which was eventually published in Florence in 1632. In October of 1632 the Holy Office to Rome summoned him. The tribunal passed a sentence condemning him and compelled Galileo to solemnly abjur e his theory. He was sent to exile in Siena and finally, in December of 1633, he was allowed to retire to his villa in Arcetri, the Gioiello. His health condition was steadily declining, - by 1638 he was completely blind, and also by now bereft of the support of his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, who died in 1634.

Admission Essay & Who is your biggest influence in life?

In my life, the most influential personality has been of my mother. She has been of great help to me throughout my life.   Because of a civil war in Ethiopia, my home country, my father was forced to flee to Sudan.   The wives and children of men who fled were dying of hunger and dehydration.  Even I would have met an unfortunate fate if my mother had not taken care of me. She sacrificed her belongings and happiness to nourish me. Because of all the things that she did for me, she has been the most influential personality in my life.For all the things that she has done for me, she has never asked for anything in return. She just wants to see me as a well-educated girl. She believes that education will be a key to success for me. She keeps reminding me that with education, I will be able to secure my future.My mother looks so happy when she talks about education and how it will benefit me in the future. She has been an inspiration for me throughout my life. It is because of her that I have reached this far.Eleven years after my father fled to Sudan, I and my mother came to America- the land of opportunities. I could not be happier than I was at the time when I saw my father.   Sometime after we came to America, my father passed away.I was then at the mercy of my mother who was very kind and supportive of me. She took great pains to bring me up in this big new country. It is because of all these things that I place a great value on my mother and have chosen her as a person who has had a great influence on me throughout my trying life.Why do you want to attend this school?When I was coming to America, I was excited about all the opportunities that awaited me here. One of them was the provision of quality education.I really looked forward to attending a reputed university. My parents have always dreamt of seeing me as a well-educated person. Before my father left this world, he always advised me to get good education. Now, I want to make my mother and decea sed father proud of me by obtaining quality education. To this end, UMass Boston is the gateway to my dream and I am determined to change my life.I want to attend UMass Boston for its diverse student body and high-quality faculty. While attending UMass Boston, I will avail the opportunity to be taught by the highly-esteemed faculty of yours.   A diverse student body will offer me a chance to learn from their rich experiences. I will also have an opportunity to study among students who will have an urge to learn.My financial standing does not allow me to pay a high fee of any institute but UMass Boston’s fee is affordable. So, another reason that I want to attend UMass Boston is its financial affordability.I am sure that my stay at UMass Boston will be a meaningful one. It will enable me to excel in my chosen field of study. I also believe that I will be a good addition to your university.

Classical Management Theorists Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol

Management approaches Andrew Vasylenko Scientific advisor – Senior teacher Hvan A. V. Poltava University of Economics and Trade Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. There are 6 management approaches, such as: The classical approach The human resource approach The quantitative approach The process approach The contingency approach The system approach 1. Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol were both theorists of the classical management movement. The classical approach was the framework to what management is all about. Therefore it can be said that they laid the foundation for many theorists.Frederick Taylor was an important theorist of the early 20th century and he made many important contributions to management. He proposed the principles of scientific management which he believed would improve industrial efficiency. He believed management could be formulated as a discipline. Taylor’s principles of scientific management focused on cooperation between management and the workers as well as improving the technical skills of the workers. His approach is often referred to scientific management, Taylorism or Taylor’s principles. Fayol’s uggested that there were five main roles of managers, these being planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling. 2. The Human Resources Manageme nt function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations.Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. 3. Quantitative Management (also known as Operations Research) offers a systematic and scientific approach to problem solving and decision making in complex environments and situations of uncertainty and conflict. The discipline is characterised by a search for an optimal (best) answer for a problem by using quantitative (numerical) models. The use of mathematical models enables a decision maker to bett er understand the problems facing him/her and provides a tool for making inform ed and reasoned judgements.It can be applied in many areas: manufacturing, businesses management, banking, environmental planning, mining, housing and engineering projects, management consultancy – in fact, in every situation where numerical data are available and management or decision making takes place. 4. The process approach is a management strategy. When managers use a process approach, it means that they manage the processes that make up their organization, the interaction between these processes, and the inputs and outputs that glue these processes together. There are 12 typrs of processes: 1.Quality Management Process 2. Resource Management Process 3. Training and Awareness Process 4. Product Purchasing Process 5. Design and Development Process 6. Production Management Process 7. Service Provision Process 8. Product Management Process 9. Customer Relationship Management Process 10. Internal Quality Management Audit Process 11. Monitoring and Measuring Process 12. Man agement Review Process 5. The contingency approach believes that it is impossible to select one way of managing that works best in all situations like promoted by Taylor.Their approach is to identify the conditions of a task (scientific management school), managerial job (administrative management school) and person (human relations school) as parts of a complete management situation and attempt to integrate them all into a solution which is most appropriate for a specific circumstance. Contingency refers to the immediate (contingent or touching) circumstances. The manager has to systematically try to identify which technique or approach will be the best solution for a problem which exists in a particular circumstance or context.An example of this is the never ending problem of increasing productivity. The different experts would offer the following solutions: Behavioral scientist: create a climate which is psychologically motivating; Classical management approach: create a new ince ntive scheme; Contingency approach: both ideas are viable and it depends on the possible fit of each solution with the goals, structure and resources of the organization. 6. Applying the principle of system approach to management typically leads to: – Structuring a system to achieve the organization's objectives in the most effective and efficient way. Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system. – Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes. – Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers. – Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action. – Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate. – Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation.

distrust in the constitution a essays

distrust in the constitution a essays firmly believe one of the fundamental characteristics found in the Constitutionand the Government is distrust. This distrust can be found within its own system, the philosiphy of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, political leaders, and major events. Examples on why this state of distrust is still happening today can be found throught the constitution, the Electoral College, Federalism, and various acts by national leaders. The Constitution was written to organize a strong national government for the American states. Previously, the nation's leaders had established a national government under the Articles of Confederation. Instead of keeping the United States unified, the Articles were causing it to fall apart. There was no unity because there was no leadership and no court system. Each State attempted to cede land for it own from other States. The boundaries were constantly changing. This had a negative effect on the loyalty of the people, and on the economics of each area On the days from September 11, 1786 to September 14, 1786, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Virginia had a meeting of their delegates at the Annapolis Convention. Too few states were represented to carry out the original purpose of the meeting, which was to discuss the regulation of interstate commercebut there was a larger topic at question, specifically, the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. Alexander Hamilton successfully proposed that the states be invited to send delegates to Philadelphia to render the constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union." As a result, the Constitutional Convention was held in May 1787. The Constitutional Convention, which wrote the Constitution of the United States, was held in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. The convention's assigned job, following proposals made at the Annapolis Convention the previous September, was to create amendments to the Articles of Confederation. The d...

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of one schorarly definition of Essay

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of one schorarly definition of religion - Essay Example ings of psychological science and the first-hand researches of anthropologists all over the world, to develop the concept of religion from an integrated and new point of view (E.W.S, 1923). King (1992) states that he found Dr. William K. Wright’s concept of religion to be â€Å"something broad and universal, covering the whole of life† (p.384). It appeared to King that the universality and perpetuity of religion result from the fact that it â€Å"endeavours to secure the conservation of socially recognized values†. In the review by E.W.S (1923) of Dr.W.K. Wright’s book A Student’s Philosophy of Religion, Dr. Wright’s definition of religion is stated as: â€Å"Religion is the endeavour to secure the conservation of socially recognized values through specific actions that are believed to evoke some agency different from the ordinary ego of the individual, or from other merely human beings, and that imply a feeling of dependence upon this agenc y† (p.341). The Strengths in Dr. W.K. Right’s Definition of Religion: King (1992) observes that in order to determine the exact meaning of religion both the genus and the differentia of Dr. Wright’s definition have to be dealt with. In the genus of his definition of religion, the author had tried to include every conceivable form of religion to broaden the focus of the term as much as possible, and in the differentia he attempts to be sufficiently narrow and specific to exclude from the species of religion everything included within the genus which is not properly religious. Each of the separate expressions in Dr. Wright’s definition of religion is scrutinized by King (1992): By â€Å"values† many be any of a number of things depending on the level of progress achieved by the religion and of the civilization in which it appears. â€Å"Natural religions† is the term used by Dr. Wright for lower or less advanced religions: having values which are all concrete and practical wants, with belief in the supernatural. Relief

Dissemination product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dissemination product - Essay Example Without effective hand hygiene, nurses can easily contract various diseases besides contaminating both the apparatus and specimens they often use. Debnath, (2009) explains that hand hygiene is a major concern in nursing given the risks that lack of effective hand hygiene presents the nurses. The project investigates the prevalence of the problem across the country and the possible remedies to the problem. Key among the possible strategies of remedying hand hygiene issues includes the use of protective gloves and regular disinfection of hands. The project investigates and proposes the possibility of training and education of nurses in hospitals in effective ways of upholding hand hygiene in hospitals and dispensaries. Promoting hand hygiene among nurses makes the profession safer for the nurses a feature that motivates them. Safety concerns make the profession both undesirable and unsafe. As such, the project seeks to find ways of enhancing safety in the profession thus improving the productivity of the nurses. The project adopts the descriptive research design. This implies that the project will observe the nature of the profession with the view to establishing the hand hygiene practices and the level of safety in American health facilities. Additionally, the research uses random sampling technique in selecting both the health facilities and the nurses to investigate in the project. This way, the research will provide the natural safety scenario in health facilities in the country. Data collection is yet another fundamental feature in a research. The project uses various data collection that will include the use of structure questionnaires. Additionally, the researcher will use interview and observation as methods of data collection. Each of the three data collection techniques has numerous strengths and weaknesses (Alur, Rane &Scheetz, 2009). By infusing them, the researcher